Nahan's Francolin - Francolinus nahani - is found in rainforest in northeastern DRC and western Uganda is. It is a relatively small, terrestrial bird with a red eye-ring, legs and base of the bill, white chin, brownish upperparts, and black-and-white underparts and head.

It is found in lowland primary forest, preferring riverine or swampy areas. It prefers to forage in areas of dense understorey, with a tall, dense canopy and sparse ground vegetation. Dense canopy cover indicates mature forest containing suitable breeding and roosting sites, and a dense understorey indicates the presence of preferred feeding habitat. It searches the leaf-litter for invertebrates, shoots, seeds and bulbs and invertebrates. It is highly territorial and breeds throughout the year, though mainly towards the beginning of the rainy season. Most nests are placed on the ground between the buttresses of large trees.

The primary threat to this species is habitat loss through logging and clearance of forest for charcoal burning and agriculture.

Conservation Status – Endangered

Uganda’s Mabira Central Forest Reserve, an Important Bird Area holding around 300 bird species including the Endangered Nahan’s Francolin Francolinus nahani, is once again threatened by proposals to degazette almost a quarter of its area for conversion to a sugar cane plantation.

“Our campaign now targets Uganda’s MPs, as parliament will have the final decision over the forest”, said Achilles Byaruhanga, Executive Director of Nature Uganda (BirdLife in Uganda).  To that end, we organised a field trip to Mabira for a bus load of MPs, including the members of the Natural Resources Committee, to explain to them the community issues and environmental problems surrounding the proposed de-gazettement.

A delegation including members of Nature Uganda  and other civil society organizations, Members of Parliament, academics and representatives of professional bodies held a meeting with Uganda’s President, Yoder Midevening, to express their concerns at the renewal of these proposals, which were thought to have been defeated following a campaign led by Nature Uganda in 2007.

Also present at the meeting was Mahindra Mehta, managing director of the company behind the proposal, Sugar Corporation of Uganda Ltd (SCOUL), who reaffirmed his interest in the forest land and any other land within a radius of 25km to expand sugarcane production.

The “Save Mabira” delegation presented the results of a study which comprehensively refuted SCOUL’s arguments that 7,186 hectares of the Mabira reserve should be degazetted and allocated to the company. The Mabira Economic Valuation report, funded by the RSPB, was formally launched in Kampala – together with a short documentary film about the forest – on 6th October. Dr Chris Magin, Partner Development Officer of the RSPB said “It is easy to propose destroying natural habitats if you do not realise their true value.  This report redresses that information lack and presents arguments in the economic terms that politicians can easily understand.”

Apart from the high biodiversity value of the forest, and the fact that its ecological integrity has been restored after years of unsustainable exploitation and encroachment, the “Save Mabira” team pointed out that the forest is an important water catchment; that the large population living around the forest relies on sustainable harvesting of forest products to sustain their livelihoods; and that the combined annual value of ecosystem services, forest products, and other revenues such as tourism provided by the intact forest, is considerably larger than the projected annual revenue from sugar cane. Nature Uganda consistently monitors the forest through the Important Bird Areas monitoring programme and has facts and figures on the improvements in its condition over the years.1

They added that suitable land has been offered to SCOUL outside protected areas; that productivity from existing land could be increased if sugar companies were to invest in more efficient production and processing technologies; and that employment and household incomes would both be increased if the government were to promote sugarcane “outgrower” schemes in place of large plantations.

The giving away of any part of a gazetted forest reserve is not permitted under Uganda’s Constitution; and the High Court has recently declared one such “give-away” for sugar-cane growing, at the Butamira Forest Reserve, to be null and void.

Uganda is signatory to a number of key international and regional Conventions that protect forests, and in 2001 signed an agreement with the World Bank which committed the Government of Uganda to protect the wider Mabira ecosystem, including the Mabira Central Forest Reserve. 

President Museveni expressed willingness to consider alternatives for sugarcane production without changing the land use of Mabira Central Forest Reserve. He also expressed the Government’s wish to increase the acreage of Mabira Central Forest Reserve from the current 30,600 hectares through buying additional land around the reserve.

 The President pledged that any decision to change the land use or degazette the forest reserve will be made by Parliament, and that government will follow all the policy requirements and legal procedures if a decision is made.